大数据时代正在飞速发展,数据的存储和处理量需求迅速增长,存储技术越来越受到业界关注。然而,存储设备的差异性,海量存储硬件购置昂贵,这些使得很多需要处理海量数据的企业在发展上面临诸多困难。
海外主机上普遍应用的存储虚拟化技术是目前具有广阔前景的一种解决方案。存储虚拟化技术解决了存储设备管理效率的问题,不同类型的存储资源整合问题,异构存储系统的兼容性、扩展性、可靠性、容错容灾等问题。
存储虚拟化的定义:通过对存储(子)系统或存储服务的内部功能进行抽象、隐藏或隔离,使存储或数据的管理应用、服务器、网络资源的管理分离,从而实现应用和网络的独立管理。

存储虚拟化技术属于计算机虚拟化技术,它的思路是将资源的逻辑映像与物理存储分开,高效的利用处处设备的物理存盘。为系统和管理员提供一幅简化、无缝的资源虚拟视图。对于用户来说,虚拟化的存储资源就像是一个巨大的“存储池”,看不到具体的磁盘,也不关心自己的数据在具体的哪个存储设备中。存储虚拟化技术具有提高动态适应能力。它将存储资源统一集中到一个大容量的资源池,无需中断应用即可改变存储系统和实现数据移动,对存储系统能够实现单点统一管理。
存储虚拟化在海外主机的应用主要是基于主机的虚拟化。常见的主机品牌如HostEase,RAksmart,Godaddy等虚拟化存储技术都十分成熟。
基于主机的的存储虚拟化一般是由操作系统下的逻辑管理软件完成,不同操作系统的逻辑卷管理软件也不相同。这种实现方式使服务器的存储空间可以跨越多个异构的磁盘阵列,常用于在不同磁盘阵列之间做数据镜像保护。但它也有缺点:第一,占用主机资源,降低应用性能;第二,存在操作系统和应用的兼容性问题;第三,导致主机升级、维护和扩展非常复杂,而且容易造成系统不稳定;第四,需要复杂的数据迁移过程,会影响业务连续性。
存储虚拟化的目标是让企业和用户有向不同厂商选择存储阵列的能力,向他们提供各种企业级功能,比如动态配置和动态数据迁移等。在企业用户应用存储虚拟化技术时,需要做好几项工作:第一,规划好企业的存储虚拟化策略;第二,将企业业务数据进行合理分类规划;第三,了解数据生命周期;第四,规划好存储层次以及服务级别;第五,考虑安全性和兼容性问题。尽可能的实现存储虚拟化的最大效用,更好的节约资源,简化管理。

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